Detection of Neoechinorhynchus sp. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) in the Gut of Wild Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L.) from Lake Mainit, Caraga, Philippines

Abstract

Wild-caught freshwater Nile tilapia is potentially carrying parasites. Acanthocephalan parasites occur in almost market-sized tilapia, which frequently infect its gut. This infection presents a compelling subject for study, as it gains insights that extend beyond mere public health concerns to encompass broader environmental health implications. This study aimed to detect acanthocephalan parasites from the gut of wild Nile tilapia from Lake Mainit, Philippines. A total of 60 randomly sampled fishes were collected and examined for acanthocephalan parasites under the compound microscope. The results of the study revealed that 40% of the fish sampled were infected with Neoechinorhynchus sp. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae). Neoechinorhynchus sp. primarily infects fish and other aquatic organisms but does not pose a significant risk to human health. There is no significant correlation between Neoechinorhynchus sp. intensity and fish length and weight, suggesting that the morphology of tilapia, specifically its length and weight, is not influenced by the parasite’s low intensity. This indicates that while the fish may harbor these parasites, their growth and physical development remain largely unaffected under low parasitic loads. Such findings are important for aquaculture practices, implying that a low-intensity of Neoechinorhynchus sp. infections might not impact the overall fish productivity and market value. Nonetheless, ongoing monitoring and management of parasite levels are recommended to ensure the continued health of the fish populations. While not a major public health threat, awareness and education on prevention can help reduce the risk of zoonotic infections, especially in regions where people consume raw or undercooked fish.